The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) is a global agreement aimed at ensuring the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources essential for food security. It promotes fair sharing of benefits arising from the use of these resources, which include crops like wheat, rice, and maize. Adopted in 2001, the treaty recognizes the importance of biodiversity in agriculture and encourages countries to collaborate in preserving genetic diversity. It also establishes a multilateral system for access to plant genetic resources, facilitating research and development in agriculture to address challenges like climate change and food scarcity.