Inhibitory interneurons are specialized nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord that play a crucial role in regulating neuronal activity. They release neurotransmitters, such as GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), which inhibit the firing of nearby neurons. This inhibition helps maintain a balance between excitation and inhibition in neural circuits, preventing excessive activity that could lead to disorders like epilepsy. These interneurons are essential for various brain functions, including motor control, sensory processing, and cognitive functions. By modulating the activity of excitatory neurons, inhibitory interneurons contribute to the overall stability and efficiency of neural networks, ensuring proper communication within the nervous system.