Neurons are specialized cells in the nervous system responsible for transmitting information throughout the body. They communicate through electrical impulses and chemical signals, allowing for the coordination of various bodily functions and responses. Each neuron consists of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon, which work together to process and relay signals. The human brain contains approximately 86 billion neurons, forming complex networks that underpin our thoughts, emotions, and actions. Neurons can be classified into different types, such as sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons, each serving unique roles in the nervous system's overall function.