Cognitive functions refer to the mental processes that allow us to think, learn, remember, and solve problems. These functions include skills such as attention, memory, language, perception, and reasoning. They are essential for everyday activities, from making decisions to understanding information. These functions are often categorized into different types, such as executive functions, which help with planning and organization, and working memory, which allows us to hold and manipulate information temporarily. Cognitive functions can be affected by various factors, including age, health, and neurological conditions.