Synaptic transmission is the process by which nerve cells, or neurons, communicate with each other. When an electrical signal, called an action potential, reaches the end of a neuron, it triggers the release of chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters cross the small gap between neurons, called the synapse, to transmit the signal to the next neuron. Once the neurotransmitters reach the receiving neuron, they bind to specific receptors on its surface. This binding can either stimulate or inhibit the generation of a new action potential in the receiving neuron, allowing the signal to continue along the neural pathway. This process is essential for functions such as muscle movement, memory, and mood regulation.