The Indigenous Peoples of Papua, primarily located in the western part of the island of New Guinea, consist of diverse ethnic groups, each with its own unique languages and cultures. They inhabit various environments, from coastal areas to mountainous regions, and rely on traditional practices for their livelihoods, including agriculture, hunting, and fishing. These communities have rich cultural traditions, including art, music, and dance, often reflecting their connection to the land and spirituality. The Indigenous Peoples of Papua face challenges such as land rights issues and the impact of external development, which threaten their way of life and cultural heritage.