Horticultural techniques refer to the various methods used in the cultivation of plants, including fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants. These techniques encompass practices such as pruning, grafting, and crop rotation, which help improve plant health, yield, and quality. Additionally, horticultural techniques involve soil management, pest control, and irrigation methods to create optimal growing conditions. Techniques like companion planting and mulching can enhance soil fertility and reduce weed growth, contributing to sustainable gardening practices. Understanding these methods is essential for successful horticulture and environmental stewardship.