Historical kingdoms were political entities ruled by a king or queen, often characterized by a defined territory, a centralized government, and a social hierarchy. These kingdoms emerged in various regions around the world, such as the Kingdom of England, Mali Empire, and Kingdom of France, each with its own unique culture, economy, and military structure. Many historical kingdoms were formed through conquest, alliances, or inheritance, leading to the rise and fall of dynasties. They played significant roles in shaping modern nations and cultures, influencing language, religion, and trade. Notable examples include the Roman Empire and the Ottoman Empire, which left lasting legacies in their respective regions.