Hellenistic Greece refers to the period following the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE, lasting until the rise of the Roman Empire around 30 BCE. This era is characterized by the spread of Greek culture across a vast territory, including parts of Egypt, Persia, and India. The blending of Greek and local cultures led to advancements in art, science, and philosophy. During the Hellenistic period, major cities like Alexandria in Egypt became centers of learning and culture. Notable figures such as Euclid in mathematics and Archimedes in engineering emerged, contributing significantly to their fields. The Hellenistic world was marked by increased trade and cultural exchange, shaping the future of Western civilization.