Archimedes was a renowned ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, and inventor, known for his contributions to the understanding of geometry and the principles of leverage. He is famous for formulating the principle of buoyancy, often referred to as Archimedes' Principle, which states that a body immersed in fluid experiences an upward force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces. In addition to his work in mathematics, Archimedes invented several devices, including the Archimedes Screw, a machine for raising water. His innovative ideas laid the groundwork for many scientific advancements and continue to influence modern science and engineering.