Hellenistic Civilization emerged after the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE and lasted until the Roman conquest of the Greek world. It marked a period of cultural diffusion, where Greek ideas blended with those from Persia, Egypt, and India. This era saw advancements in art, science, and philosophy, with notable figures like Euclid in mathematics and Archimedes in engineering. The Hellenistic period was characterized by the establishment of new cities, such as Alexandria, which became centers of learning and culture. The spread of Greek language and customs influenced various regions, leading to a rich exchange of knowledge and traditions across the Mediterranean and beyond.