The Hellenic Period, also known as the Classical Period, refers to the time in ancient Greek history from around 500 to 323 BCE. This era is marked by significant developments in art, philosophy, and politics, particularly in city-states like Athens and Sparta. It was during this time that democracy emerged in Athens, and great thinkers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle laid the foundations for Western philosophy. The Hellenic Period also saw remarkable achievements in literature, theater, and architecture. Notable works include the tragedies of Sophocles and Euripides, as well as the construction of iconic structures like the Parthenon. The period ended with the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE, which led to the spread of Greek culture throughout the Mediterranean and beyond.