A heart attack, also known as a myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, usually by a blood clot. This blockage prevents oxygen from reaching the heart muscle, which can cause damage or death to that area. Common risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. Symptoms of a heart attack can vary but often include chest pain, shortness of breath, and discomfort in the arms, back, neck, or jaw. It is crucial to seek immediate medical attention if these symptoms occur, as prompt treatment can save lives and reduce heart damage.