Myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, usually by a blood clot. This blockage prevents oxygen from reaching the heart muscle, which can lead to damage or death of the heart tissue. Risk factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and a sedentary lifestyle. Symptoms of a myocardial infarction may include chest pain, shortness of breath, and discomfort in the arms, back, neck, or jaw. Immediate medical attention is crucial, as timely treatment can restore blood flow and minimize heart damage. Common treatments include medications, angioplasty, and coronary artery bypass grafting.