Kriging is a statistical method used for spatial interpolation, which estimates unknown values at specific locations based on known data points. It relies on the spatial correlation between data points, allowing for more accurate predictions by considering both the distance and the arrangement of the sampled points. This technique is widely used in fields like geostatistics, mining, and environmental science to create maps or models that represent phenomena such as mineral deposits or pollution levels. By providing a measure of uncertainty along with predictions, kriging helps decision-makers understand the reliability of the estimated values.