Geographical history explores the relationship between human societies and their environments over time. It examines how landscapes, climates, and natural resources have influenced the development of civilizations, trade routes, and cultural exchanges. For instance, the rise of ancient cities like Babylon and Carthage was closely tied to their geographical locations and access to vital resources. Additionally, geographical history helps us understand the impact of human activities on the environment, such as deforestation and urbanization. By studying maps and historical records, researchers can trace changes in land use and population distribution, revealing patterns that have shaped our world today.