Gemstone mining involves the extraction of precious and semi-precious stones from the earth. This process can take place in various environments, including open-pit mines, underground mines, and alluvial deposits. Common gemstones mined include diamonds, emeralds, sapphires, and rubies. Miners use various techniques, such as drilling, blasting, and handpicking, to locate and extract these valuable materials. Once extracted, gemstones undergo processing to enhance their appearance and value. This may include cutting, polishing, and grading based on quality and size. The global demand for gemstones drives mining operations in countries like Brazil, India, and Australia, contributing significantly to local economies.