Rubies are precious gemstones known for their vibrant red color, which comes from the presence of chromium. They belong to the corundum mineral family, and their hardness makes them one of the toughest gemstones, ranking 9 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. Rubies are often used in jewelry, such as rings and necklaces, and are highly valued for their beauty and rarity. The most sought-after rubies are those with a deep, rich red hue, often referred to as "pigeon blood." These gemstones are primarily found in countries like Myanmar, Thailand, and Sri Lanka. Rubies have been cherished throughout history, symbolizing love, passion, and power in various cultures.