Gas separation is a process used to divide a mixture of gases into its individual components. This is often necessary in industries such as petrochemicals, natural gas processing, and air separation, where specific gases are required for various applications. Techniques like membrane separation, adsorption, and cryogenic distillation are commonly employed to achieve this separation. The efficiency of gas separation depends on the properties of the gases involved, such as their molecular size and weight. For example, lighter gases can often be separated from heavier ones using specific membranes or filters. This technology plays a crucial role in producing oxygen for medical use and hydrogen for fuel cells.