Membrane technology is a process that uses thin barriers, or membranes, to separate substances in liquids or gases. These membranes allow certain molecules to pass through while blocking others, making them useful for various applications like water purification, gas separation, and food processing. For example, in reverse osmosis, a type of membrane technology, water is filtered to remove impurities, providing clean drinking water. This technology is also important in industries such as pharmaceuticals and biotechnology, where it helps in the separation and concentration of valuable products. By using membranes, companies can improve efficiency and reduce waste, contributing to more sustainable practices in manufacturing and environmental management.