Cryogenic distillation is a separation process that uses extremely low temperatures to separate different components of a mixture, typically gases. By cooling the mixture to cryogenic temperatures, some components condense into liquids while others remain gaseous. This allows for the efficient separation of substances based on their boiling points. This technique is commonly used in industries such as liquefied natural gas (LNG) production and air separation, where gases like oxygen and nitrogen are separated from the atmosphere. Cryogenic distillation is essential for producing high-purity gases needed in various applications, including medical and industrial uses.