Fusarium wilt is a plant disease caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. This pathogen infects the vascular system of plants, leading to wilting, yellowing leaves, and stunted growth. It primarily affects crops like tomatoes, bananas, and cotton, making it a significant concern for farmers. The disease spreads through contaminated soil, water, and plant debris. Once a plant is infected, it is often difficult to control or treat, as the fungus can survive in the soil for many years. Preventive measures include crop rotation, resistant plant varieties, and proper sanitation practices.