Fungal diseases are infections caused by fungi, which are microorganisms that can be found in various environments, including soil and decaying matter. These diseases can affect different parts of the body, such as the skin, lungs, and nails. Common examples include athlete's foot, ringworm, and candidiasis. Fungal infections can occur in anyone, but individuals with weakened immune systems are at higher risk. Treatment often involves antifungal medications, which can be topical or systemic, depending on the severity and location of the infection. Preventive measures include maintaining good hygiene and avoiding damp environments.