Fusarium oxysporum is a soil-borne fungus that primarily affects plants, causing wilt and root rot. It is known for its ability to infect a wide range of host plants, including important crops like tomatoes, bananas, and cotton. The fungus can survive in the soil for long periods, making it a persistent threat to agriculture. This pathogen reproduces through spores and can spread through contaminated soil, water, or plant debris. Management strategies often include crop rotation, resistant plant varieties, and proper sanitation practices to minimize its impact on crops and ensure healthy plant growth.