Fusarium oxysporum is a type of fungus that primarily affects plants, causing diseases known as wilt diseases. It can infect a wide range of crops, including tomatoes, bananas, and cotton, leading to significant agricultural losses. The fungus thrives in soil and can survive for long periods, making it challenging to control. This pathogen spreads through contaminated soil, water, or plant material. Once it infects a plant, it blocks the vascular system, preventing water and nutrients from reaching the leaves, which can result in wilting and eventual plant death. Effective management strategies include crop rotation and resistant plant varieties.