Francisco de Toledo was a Spanish nobleman and the 3rd Duke of Alba, born in 1537. He is best known for his role as a military leader and governor of the Spanish Netherlands during the late 16th century. His tenure was marked by efforts to suppress the Dutch Revolt against Spanish rule, which led to significant military campaigns and political tensions in the region. Toledo was also a prominent figure in the Counter-Reformation, supporting the Catholic Church's efforts to combat Protestantism. His actions and policies had lasting impacts on the Habsburg Empire and the history of Spain during a tumultuous period in European history.