The Habsburg Empire was a powerful European dynasty that ruled over a vast territory from the late Middle Ages until the early 20th century. It included regions such as Austria, Hungary, Bohemia, and parts of Italy and Spain. The empire was known for its complex political structure and diverse cultures, as it encompassed many different ethnic groups and languages. At its height, the Habsburgs were one of the most influential royal families in Europe, often intermarrying with other royal houses to strengthen their power. The empire faced numerous challenges, including wars and nationalist movements, which ultimately led to its dissolution after World War I in 1918.