Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a kidney disease that affects the glomeruli, which are tiny filters in the kidneys. In FSGS, some of these filters become scarred, leading to protein leakage into the urine. This condition can result in swelling, high blood pressure, and kidney damage over time. FSGS can be caused by various factors, including genetic mutations, infections, or other health conditions like diabetes and obesity. Diagnosis typically involves urine tests, blood tests, and sometimes a kidney biopsy. Treatment may include medications to reduce inflammation and manage symptoms, but the disease can lead to kidney failure in severe cases.