Kidney diseases refer to a range of conditions that affect the kidneys, which are vital organs responsible for filtering waste and excess fluids from the blood. When the kidneys are damaged, they may not function properly, leading to a buildup of harmful substances in the body. Common types of kidney diseases include chronic kidney disease and kidney stones, which can cause various symptoms like fatigue, swelling, and pain. Early detection and treatment are crucial for managing kidney diseases effectively. Lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a healthy diet and staying hydrated, can help protect the kidneys. In some cases, medications or dialysis may be necessary to support kidney function and overall health.