Field capacity refers to the amount of water soil can retain after excess water has drained away and the soil has settled. It is a crucial concept in agriculture and horticulture, as it indicates the optimal moisture level for plant growth. At this stage, the soil is saturated but not waterlogged, allowing roots to access water and nutrients effectively. Understanding field capacity helps farmers and gardeners determine when to irrigate their crops. If soil moisture falls below this level, plants may experience stress, while over-saturation can lead to root rot. Proper management of field capacity is essential for healthy plant development and maximizing yields.