Ferdinand, Duke of Parma (1751-1802), was a member of the House of Bourbon. He ruled the Duchy of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla from 1765 until his death. Ferdinand was known for his efforts to modernize the duchy, focusing on economic development and infrastructure improvements. He was the son of Philip, Duke of Parma and Louise Élisabeth of France. Ferdinand's reign was marked by his attempts to balance the interests of the local nobility and the growing influence of Napoleon Bonaparte, who would later annex the duchy into the French Empire.