The Duchy of Parma was a historical state in northern Italy, established in the 16th century. It was ruled by the House of Farnese and later became part of the larger territories of the Habsburgs. The duchy was known for its rich cultural heritage, including art and architecture, with notable figures like Parmigianino contributing to its artistic legacy. In 1814, the duchy was restored after the Napoleonic Wars but was eventually annexed by the Kingdom of Italy in 1860. The capital city, Parma, is famous for its cheese and ham, reflecting the region's agricultural significance.