European colonial powers were countries in Europe that established colonies in various parts of the world from the 15th to the 20th centuries. Major powers included Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, and the Netherlands. They sought new resources, trade routes, and land, often leading to the exploitation of indigenous populations and cultures. These powers expanded their influence through exploration, military conquest, and treaties. The impact of their colonial activities is still felt today, as many former colonies continue to navigate the legacies of colonialism, including economic challenges and cultural changes.