European art movements refer to various styles and trends that emerged across Europe, influencing the way art was created and perceived. Notable movements include Renaissance, which emphasized realism and humanism, and Baroque, characterized by dramatic expression and grandeur. Other significant movements are Impressionism, focusing on light and color, and Cubism, which broke subjects into geometric shapes. Each movement reflects the cultural and historical context of its time, often responding to social changes or technological advancements. For instance, Surrealism explored the unconscious mind, while Modernism sought to break away from traditional forms. These movements collectively shaped the evolution of Western art.