Endometrial Hyperplasia is a condition where the lining of the uterus, known as the endometrium, becomes thicker than normal. This thickening is often caused by an imbalance in hormones, particularly an excess of estrogen without enough progesterone. It can lead to irregular menstrual cycles and, in some cases, may increase the risk of endometrial cancer. There are different types of endometrial hyperplasia, ranging from simple to complex, with or without atypia. Diagnosis typically involves a pelvic exam, ultrasound, or endometrial biopsy. Treatment options may include hormonal therapy or, in more severe cases, surgery to remove the uterus.