An Empress Dowager is a title given to the mother or widow of an emperor in certain monarchies, particularly in China. This position often holds significant political power and influence, especially during the reign of a son or grandson. Empress Dowagers have historically played crucial roles in governance, sometimes acting as regents when the emperor is too young or unable to rule. The role of an Empress Dowager can vary depending on the dynasty and the specific circumstances of the time. Notable examples include Cixi, who was a powerful Empress Dowager during the late Qing Dynasty, and Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang, known for her influence in the early Qing period.