The Empire of Brazil was a constitutional monarchy that existed from 1822 to 1889. It was established after Dom Pedro I declared Brazil's independence from Portugal. The empire was characterized by a diverse population and significant economic growth, largely driven by agriculture, particularly coffee and sugar. During its existence, the empire faced various challenges, including political instability and social issues such as slavery. Dom Pedro II, who succeeded his father, played a crucial role in modernizing the country. The empire ultimately ended when Brazil became a republic in 1889, marking a significant shift in its political landscape.