Emperor Pedro I was the first ruler of the Empire of Brazil, reigning from 1822 to 1831. Born in Portugal in 1798, he was the son of King John VI. Pedro played a crucial role in Brazil's independence from Portugal in 1822, declaring himself emperor shortly after. During his reign, Pedro I faced political challenges and conflicts, including opposition from various factions. In 1831, he abdicated the throne in favor of his son, Pedro II, and returned to Europe. His legacy includes the establishment of a constitutional monarchy in Brazil.