The Early Dynastic Period, spanning from approximately 2900 to 2350 BCE, marks a significant era in ancient Mesopotamia, particularly in Sumer. This period is characterized by the emergence of city-states, such as Uruk and Ur, and the development of complex societies with distinct social hierarchies and governance structures. During this time, advancements in writing, particularly the use of cuneiform, and monumental architecture, including ziggurats, became prominent. The period also saw the rise of powerful rulers and the establishment of trade networks, which facilitated cultural exchange and economic growth across the region.