Duke Francesco I de' Medici was the first Grand Duke of Tuscany, ruling from 1574 until his death in 1587. Born in 1541, he was the son of Cosimo I de' Medici and Eleonora of Toledo. Francesco was known for his patronage of the arts and sciences, supporting figures like Galileo Galilei and enhancing the cultural landscape of Florence. Francesco's reign was marked by political challenges and efforts to consolidate power within the Medici family. He married Joanna of Austria, which strengthened ties with the Habsburgs. His legacy includes the establishment of the Uffizi Gallery, showcasing the rich artistic heritage of Tuscany.