The Duchy of Savoy was a historical state located in the western Alps, primarily in what is now Italy and France. Established in the 11th century, it became a significant political entity in Europe, known for its strategic location and influence over trade routes. The duchy was ruled by the House of Savoy, which played a crucial role in the unification of Italy in the 19th century. Throughout its history, the Duchy of Savoy expanded its territory, including regions like Piedmont and Savoie. It was known for its rich culture, architecture, and contributions to the arts. The duchy eventually evolved into the Kingdom of Sardinia, which became a key player in the formation of modern Italy.