The Duke of Savoy was a title held by the rulers of the historical region of Savoy, which is located in the western Alps, straddling modern-day France, Italy, and Switzerland. The title emerged in the 11th century and became prominent as the House of Savoy expanded its influence, eventually playing a significant role in European politics. The Dukes of Savoy were instrumental in the unification of Italy in the 19th century. The last Duke, Victor Emmanuel II, became the first king of a unified Italy in 1861. The title has since become a historical reference, with the House of Savoy still recognized in Italy today.