Demand-Side Management (DSM) refers to strategies and programs designed to encourage consumers to modify their energy usage. This can involve shifting energy consumption to off-peak times, reducing overall energy use, or adopting more energy-efficient practices. By managing demand, utilities can balance energy supply and demand, leading to a more stable and efficient energy system. DSM can include various initiatives, such as incentives for using energy-efficient appliances, time-based pricing to encourage off-peak usage, and educational programs about energy conservation. These efforts help reduce the need for additional power plants and lower overall energy costs for consumers.