The Czech Industrial Revolution began in the early 19th century, transforming the region from an agrarian society to an industrialized economy. Key industries included textiles, machinery, and coal mining, with cities like Prague and Brno becoming industrial hubs. This shift was fueled by advancements in technology and the establishment of railways, which improved transportation and trade. The revolution also led to significant social changes, including urbanization and the rise of a working class. As factories emerged, many people moved from rural areas to cities in search of jobs. This period laid the groundwork for modern Czech society and its economic development.