Industrialization is the process by which economies transform from primarily agricultural to one based on the manufacturing of goods. This shift often involves the use of machinery and technology to increase production efficiency, leading to the growth of factories and urban areas. It typically results in higher productivity and changes in labor patterns, as people move from rural areas to cities for work. The Industrial Revolution, which began in the late 18th century, marked a significant turning point in history. Key inventions, such as the steam engine and spinning jenny, played crucial roles in this transformation. As a result, countries like Great Britain and the United States experienced rapid economic growth and social change.