The Czech Revolts refer to a series of uprisings in the Czech lands, primarily during the 19th and early 20th centuries. These revolts were driven by a desire for national independence and social reforms, as the Czech people sought to assert their identity under the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Key events included the Czech National Revival and the Prague Uprising of 1945, which aimed to liberate the city from Nazi occupation. The most significant of these revolts occurred in 1848, during the Revolutions of 1848 across Europe. The Czech population demanded political rights, cultural autonomy, and an end to oppressive rule. Although the revolts were ultimately suppressed, they laid the groundwork for future movements that would lead to the establishment of an independent Czechoslovakia in 1918.