Cyst nematodes are microscopic roundworms belonging to the family Heteroderidae. They are plant-parasitic nematodes that form cysts, which are protective structures containing eggs. These cysts can survive in the soil for many years, making them a persistent threat to crops. These nematodes primarily affect legumes and root vegetables, leading to significant agricultural losses. When they invade plant roots, they disrupt nutrient and water uptake, causing stunted growth and reduced yields. Effective management strategies include crop rotation and the use of resistant plant varieties to minimize their impact.