Root-knot nematodes are microscopic roundworms that primarily affect plant roots. They belong to the genus Meloidogyne and are known for causing significant damage to various crops. These pests invade plant roots, forming galls or "knots" that disrupt nutrient and water uptake, leading to stunted growth and reduced yields. These nematodes thrive in warm, moist soil and can be difficult to control. They reproduce quickly, making infestations challenging to manage. Effective strategies for dealing with root-knot nematodes include crop rotation, resistant plant varieties, and soil treatments to reduce their populations.