Cyst nematodes are microscopic roundworms belonging to the genus Heterodera. They are plant-parasitic nematodes that form cysts, which are protective structures containing eggs. These cysts can survive in the soil for many years, making them a persistent threat to crops. Cyst nematodes primarily affect soybeans, potatoes, and other important agricultural plants, leading to reduced yields. The life cycle of cyst nematodes involves several stages, including egg, juvenile, and adult forms. When the juvenile nematodes invade plant roots, they disrupt nutrient and water uptake, causing stunted growth and yellowing leaves. Effective management strategies include crop rotation and the use of resistant plant varieties to minimize their impact on agriculture.