Cuban geology is characterized by a diverse range of rock formations and structures. The island primarily consists of limestone, which is prevalent in the Viñales Valley and contributes to the formation of unique karst landscapes. Additionally, there are areas of volcanic rock, particularly in the Sierra Maestra mountain range, which is the highest region in Cuba. The geological history of Cuba includes significant tectonic activity, resulting in the uplift of mountains and the creation of various mineral deposits. The island's location near the Caribbean Plate has influenced its geological development, leading to the presence of rich natural resources, including nickel and cobalt.